Death Of A Salesman And Biff Essays - English-language Films

Demise Of A Salesman And Biff The Importance of Biff's Role in Death of a Salesman The play Demise of a Salesman, by Arthur Miller, follows the life of Willy Loman, a self-misdirected sales rep who lives in absolute disavowal, continually looking for the American Dream, and continually missing the mark concerning his imprint. The individual from's his close family, Linda, his better half, and his two children, Biff and Happy, support his job. Of these steady figures, Biff's character holds the most significance, as Biff lies at the focal point of Willy's inside clashes and dreams , and Biff is the just one in the play who appears to accomplish any development. Biff's job is fundamental to the play since he creates the focal point of Willy's contention for the bigger part, his own contention is emphatically credited to Willy, lastly, he is the main character who oversees development or a feeling of conclusion in the play. Willy is always tormented by the way that Biff has notgone anyplace throughout everyday life. Biff, who is now in his thirties, is still floating all around, occupation to work, most as of late work as a farmhand. Biff is a wellspring of perpetual dissatisfaction for Willy, who consistently dreams of Biff being fantastically fruitful in the business world. When Willy has recollections of Biff as a kid, he is totally fixated on whether Biff is popular; be that as it may, he is totally unmindful of things like Biff's having taken a football from school, and the way that Biff is bombing his math class. Be enjoyed and you will never need, says Willy(1363). The measure of exacerbation produced by Biff's absence of inspiration and want to be fruitful makes Biff's job critical The play additionally invests a considerable amount of energy concentrating on Biff own contention, which is essentially his dad. In his childhood, he shared his dad's extraordinary yearnings for himself. He was skipper of the football crew, and had plans for school and afterward a profession in business a short time later. Biff was completely fixated on satisfying his dad, who was immaculate in his eyes. The entirety of this changed, notwithstanding, when Biff discovered his dad in a Boston lodging with another lady. From that point onward, Biff set down and kicked the bucket like a mallet hit him (1392). Biff had never imagined for himself, being concerned uniquely with satisfying his dad's desires. At the point when Biff understood that Willy was not the incredible man that he thought he was, his fantasies turned out to be nothing to him, as had his dad. Thus, Biff turned into a stray, living just on a day to day premise. In conclusion, Biff is the main character who accomplishes any genuine development in the play. All through the play Linda has stayed static, in every case enduringly supporting Willy, and accepting he is unequipped for defect. At Willy's burial service, Upbeat says, I'm going to show you and every other person that Willy Loman didn't kick the bucket futile. He had a decent dream. It's the main dream you can need to come out number-one man. He battled it around here, and this is the place I'm going to win it for him(1415). His dad passed on misleading himself, and clearly Happy is going to do likewise. It is just Biff who acknowledges [Willy] had all an inappropriate dreams. All, all, wrong...The man never knew who he was(1415). Biff has acknowledged the reality that he was not intended to be a sales rep and must look for another way throughout everyday life. Having mentioned these objective facts, it rapidly turns out to be evident that Biff's character is as essential to the play as is Willy's. Without Biff there would be no play. Subsequently, Biff's job in Death of a Salesman is significant on the grounds that he is the focal point of Willy's consideration and pain, his own contention depends on his father, and Biff really develops toward the finish of the play, which is critical to any story.

Is Judaism composed of many small religions or o Essay Example For Students

Is Judaism made out of numerous little religions or o Essay ne hidden religion? Judaism or Judaisms? It has been contended that Judaism can be considered not to be as a solitary religion, yet as a gathering of comparable religions. It has additionally been called attention to that through all the hardships that Judaism has endured, that there have been regular topics that have demonstrated omni-unavoidable. Any foundation with roots as antiquated and fluctuated as the religion of the Jews will undoubtedly have a couple of varieties, particularly when a large portion of its history happens in the political and religious problem area of the Middle East. In this conversation, numerous features of Judaism will be inspected, fundamentally in the three worldly regions marked the Tribal/Pre-Monarchy Period, the Divided Monarchy, and the Hasmonean/Maccabean and Roman Era. Among all the timeframes where the religion has been part, these three appear to be the most agent of the powers mindful. Concerning an ongoing idea seen all through all Judiasms, the region of center here is the spot related with the religion : Jerusalem. This point will be canvassed in detail first, and afterward the various Judaism contentions will be introduced. Along these lines, it is conceivable to remember a typical center when finding out pretty much the various circumstances where the religion has gotten itself. A concise end follows the conversation. A Place to Call Home No other religion has ever been so joined to its origination as Judaism. Maybe this is on the grounds that Jews have been banished and confined from this spot for a large portion of their history. Jerusalem isn't just home to Judaism, yet to the Muslim and Christian religions too. Verifiably this has made it a serious occupied spot for the different gatherings. Jerusalem is the place the sanctuary of the Jews once stood; the main spot overall Earth where one could leave the limits of everyday life and draw nearer to God. In 586 BCE when the sanctuary was decimated, no Jew would have denied Jerusalem just like the geographic focal point of the religion. Starting there on, the Jewish individuals have relocated far and wide, yet not one of them overlooks the way that Jerusalem is the place everything started. It is really a consecrated spot, and assists with characterizing what Judaism intends to numerous individuals; a consistent idea to go through all the different splinters of the religion and help hold them together. Indeed, even today, as the Jewish individuals have their valuable Jerusalem back (through the assistance of different countries and their governmental issues) there is extraordinary clash and feeling encompassing it. Different countries and individuals in the region feel that they ought to be in charge of the prestigious city, and the Jews deny intensely any endeavor to wrestle it from their occupation. The facts demonstrate that there is no sanctuary in Jeruslaem today, nor are for the most part the Jews on the planet hurrying to get back there. Be that as it may, it is obvious that the city speaks to more to the religion of Judaism than an insignificant spot to live and work. The city of Jerusalem is an otherworldly focal point, and all through Judaisms long and differed history, this single truth has never showed signs of change. Ancestral/Pre-Monarchy Judaisms establishes lie far back in the beginnings of written history. The religion didn't spring into reality precisely as today is known, rather it was pushed and goaded by different natural factors en route. One of the principal significant effects on the religion was the Canaanite country. Different hypotheses exist with respect to how and when the individuals that would later be called Jews went into this development. Be that as it may, paying little mind to how they at last arrived, these pioneers of the new confidence were exposed to a considerable lot of the thoughts and preferences of the time. Any new society that ends up in a current social circumstance, can do close to attempt to incorporate into that system. Also, this is actually what the Jews did. Macbeth versus Hamlet Essay The Jewish common war was against the outrageous Hellenizers (individuals who inclined toward absolute explanation in their convictions) and the moderate Hellenizers (individuals who can see things sanely, yet accept there are a bigger number of things to consider than this ex. the Maccabean family, who turned into the Hasmonean lords). So immediately, it is clear that the thoughts that the Greeks brought into Jewish culture have gone about as time-bombs of social images, and have made a significant part in the religion. At the point when the savagery of the war has died down, the moderate Hellenizers have won (everything with some restraint!) and rule for a brief timeframe, until the Roman domain assaults and tosses much more crimps into the Jewish society. At the point when the Romans assume control over, the Hasmonean rulers are left set up as manikin rulers, which eventually powers everybody to scrutinize their overseeing body. At the point when the Romans pulverize the sanctuary in Jerusalem, it is made agonizingly certain that a few changes will be made. Generally self-evident, the clerics out of nowhere have no significant job in the religion. Their basic role had been to watch out for the giving up of creatures, and since it is unlawful to forfeit a creature outside the sanctuary, the clerics were in a disrupting position. As can be seen in endless different models, legislative issues and religion are constantly tied, and individuals started rehearsing their own kinds of Judaism after their development had been so profoundly modified. Now ever, there is actually no strong guideline to forestall such parts, and for a period a blended type of Judaism in with numerous assortments prospers. Nobody was certain what to do once the core of Judaism (the sanctuary) had been pulverized, however it before long became evident that an engaging alternative was emerging. Two significant social gatherings of the timespan were competing for power. The principal gathering, the Saducees were related with the uprooted Hasmonean rulers. The subsequent gathering, the Pharisees, had a thought that would help work around the sad decimation of the sanctuary. Individuals were part, indeed. They could remain with the customary Saducees (who had the political force, put stock in just composed Torah, and didn't buy in to restoration essentially a preservationist view), or they could favor the newcomers, the Pharisees (who had strict force, put stock in both the composed and the oral Torah, and had confidence in revival) and would like to safeguard their Jewish legacy by adoring outside of the sanctuary, in their regular daily existence. It was anything but a hard choice, and the Pharisees in the end picked up power, driving the Jewish religion into its next period of Rabbinic Judaism.It is clear that in every one of the three timespans examined over that numerous groups of a similar religion were dynamic. Contending ways of thinking, outside political powers, and geographic confinement are among the most clear of the separating powers. Anyway numerous different impacts pound every single day on a given social establishment, inconspicuously framing it and transforming it into something it was definitely not. Thus, the response to the discussion whether Judaism is a solitary, or various religion(s) is a conspicuous one, contingent on how you decide to take a gander at it. Each religion has numerous pieces, yet as long as there are a couple of constants, (for example, the origination, the language, writing, and so forth) it is conceivable to see the entire as a solitary power, and still recognize varieties that will unavoidably jump up.

What Can a Global Feminist Book Club Do

What Can a Global Feminist Book Club Do Emma Watson has started her own Goodreads feminist book club and the first book she chose to read is My Life on the Road by Gloria Steinem. Watsons efforts to make feminism into a mainstream conversation have so far been a lot more about pandering to men than the liberation of all women, but the idea of a globally accessible book club where feminist ideas can be discussed could be a useful step for the movement if its done right and with intersectionality in mind. One of Watsons main mistakes with her #HeForShe UN Women campaign is that she, like many white feminists, assumes that sisterhood is already an existing concept between feminist women and that the principal problem is, somehow, that feminists have not extended an invitation to men to be a part of the movement. I could write  at length at how insulting this is to past generations of feminists who have begged and continue to do so men for equality, but for the purposes of this essay I will focus on the issue of sisterhood and how a global feminist book club could move this idea forward. I really like Kum-Kum Bhavanis suggestion that sisterhood  has to be a goal, rather than a starting point.” The societies we inhabit are divisive in several ways: race, gender, class, disability all of these identities and societal positions matter to how we see the world and how we see each other.  If we see gender equality as a global issue that has to be achieved on a global level, those differences become even more complicated: how can I, a Brazilian woman,  really understand what being a black woman in the United States is really like and what actions are needed for equality when I will never have that experience? In the same train of thought, how can an American woman  really understand the nuances of Latin American machismo that I suffer with? Even if all feminist women agree on the urgency of gender equality, there are other dimensions that contribute to the subordination of women globally that will be incomprehensible for many of us. Not because we arent smart enough but because we are limited by who we are but the good news is that we can become unlimited through reading and thats why a global feminist book club could be so useful for  a movement of gender equality. The thing about books is that you can read someone elses perspective and become completely immersed into an experience that is not your own. When you read about a different struggle from your own you start understanding things like privilege and the urgency of social justice. Whether we are reading fiction or non-fiction, reading is an act of escapism so anything outside of our own reality is game: and why not use this incredibly powerful aspect of books to educate people on gender equality and feminism? If this book club was intersectional, it would serve to educate people of all kinds about their own privilege and prejudices. Reading these experiences and understanding them would hopefully bring women together and actually create a global sisterhood. Obviously, I cant say that all women want equality or that all feminists have the same vision of equality but social media has a way of brewing solidarity. Twitter is a great example of this: while a lot of it is filled with violent misogyny and racism, the intersectional feminism part of Twitter can be  full of solidarity and respectful discussion. Maybe I am soft but I believe in the good of people if we motivate it to come out. It would also help in the dissemination and understanding of feminist ideas in general: I feel that intersectionality, for example, is often misunderstood as oppression olympics. It sounds simple: the intersections of who we are construct our oppression. The classic example given by its inventor, Kimberlé Crenshaw, is that of black women, who are oppressed in a triple jeopardy of race, gender and class. Evoking the image of road intersections, Crenshaw argued that women is not a homogeneous group and that recognizing other types of oppression that complement gender oppression is important for the achievement of equality.  This is just the beginning of decades of discussion about the idea of intersectionality: some scholars dont even know if intersectionality is a methodology or a framework of analysis.  How can this be untangled? How can oppression olympics be countered if we use intersectionality as a framework for gender equality? A global feminist discussion board sounds like a g ood start to me. Of course, limitations will always be present: the issue of doing anything globally is that it might not be accessible for large swathes of the global population. Internet access is a major issue, as is language. Not everyone can speak English and anyway why  should the language used be English? And is a book club really intersectional if we dont consider other languages and cultures as part of this global movement? Maybe I am being a bit pedantic here, but equality isnt just about me or you its about everyone. So is Emma Watsons global feminist book club a path of solution to gender inequality? If I am going by her previous mentions of feminism and the first book she is reading, I would say its not. But there is something exciting about the idea of a global feminist book club, something about putting intelligent women and ideas of equality in one space that could result in something good and productive.

The Black Scholes Option Pricing Theory - 2335 Words

Client Specification My uncle in law is Portuguese who has been living in Macao for more than 20 years. Recently he plans to go back to Portugal after his retirement. Portugal has been in deep recession for 5 years and is the third European country to need a bail out. After noticing the default crisis in Greece and Argentina, he is worried about Portugal will default very soon under the impact of European sovereign credit crisis. Therefore I want to use my knowledge gained in this year to solve his puzzle. Regarding that my uncle in law does not have strong econometric knowledge, simple method with detailed steps and theory is preferred. This report aims to use the basic Merton Model with brief described procedure to compute sovereign†¦show more content†¦In order to calculate the sovereign probability of default, Gray et al (2007) suggests a sovereign capital structure which simply use the information from the sovereign balance sheet and apply the Merton Model for the estimation of sovereign asset and volatility. It has been proved by Sy-Hoa Ho (2014) with the evidence from Argentina and initially mentioned in Van et al (2005) with the Netherlands case. In Figure 1, the 5-YR CDS shows high bp starting from late-2009 to late-2012 and a gradually decreasing trend starting from the late-2013. In Figure 2, it is observed that there is steady and significant increase in the percentage debt of total GDP in Portugal since 2009 compared with others. Besides, there is a slowdown of the increasing trend in the last two years. Specification Sovereign Asset Sovereign assets is a state owned asset and is equal to the sum of the sovereign equity and sovereign debt at any time. V_t=S_t+B_t (1) According to Gray et al (2007, Page 10), it states that â€Å"sovereign assets includes the foreign currency reserves (R_MA), public asset (A_Other) and net fiscal asset (A_G) which is the present value of taxes and revenues â€Å"and is expressed in the following equation: A_S=R_MA+A_G+A_Other=M_BM+(B Ì…_SLC-P_SLC )+(B Ì…_SFX-P_SFX )+ÃŽ ±P_F where M_BM-monetary base (B Ì…_SLC-P_SLC ) is the risky debt of local (domestic) currency (B Ì…_SFX-P_SFX ) is the risky debt of foreign

Analysis Of Sara Content Analysis Approach - 1556 Words

6. How were the data then analyzed? What procedures were used? (pgs. 88-89) The data were analyzed with the SARA content analysis approach. This approach involves constant comparison, multisource and multipass strategies, and triangulation of data sets for more robust findings (86). Audiotape recordings, researcher observations and intentional debriefings after each focus group were used to document the focus group sessions. The researchers constructed themes and dimensions in an attempt to identify the messages communicated in the focus group sessions. The idea of multipass strategies is to continue data analysis until no new findings or insights emerge. The focus of the study using SARA was on the meaning of the experiences in the words of the participants and not how some researchers use SARA by counting how frequently certain words are used. Validity was based on the collective results of all focus groups and the saturation of common themes and responses. The researchers analyzed the data in eight different passes as noted below: 1. Each researcher independently analyzed all of the transcripts, reading carefully and writing down important information. 2. The researchers collectively discussed the information provided in #1 above and agreed on commonalities and differences among the individual analysis. 3. Themes (labels) emerged and the researchers developed definitions to describe these themes. 4. The data were coded into themes by each individualShow MoreRelatedEssay on Community Policing and Problem-Oriented Policing1408 Words   |  6 Pagesdue to the fact that it is a police strategy that focuses on the identification and analysis of specific crime and disorder problems (Goldstein, 2001). Plus, the concept of problem-oriented policing involves interaction with the public just as community policing does. So where is the difference? POP emphasizes on research more than any other aspect of policing. Not only is it a strategy, but it is also an approach to policing in which distinct parts of police business are subject to â€Å"microscopicRead MoreContent Analysis of Focus Group Data7519 Words   |  31 PagesRESEARCH Understanding the Experiences of Adult Learners: Content Analysis of Focus Group Data Jeff Zacharakis, Marie Steichen, and Gabriela Diaz de Sabates, Kansas State University Dianne Glass, Kansas Board of Regents ABSTRACT In this qualitative research study, we sought to better understand the experiences of adult learners in adult education centers. We conducted eight focus groups with 104 adult education students from 25 adult learning centers. Five groups were made up of English-speakingRead MoreSaras Dairy2797 Words   |  12 PagesRESEARCH ANALYSIS [A] CONSUMER SATISFACTION LEVEL IN MILK Q NO (1)- Milk purchased from? Key findings and suggestions—total milk consumption in jodhpur urban is approx. 4 lac. Liters. Out of which saras is sharing only 29% market share. So, it is suggested that to increase the market share we should make sound interventions in supply chain management i.e. direct delivery to consumers to grab the share of dholwalas. Strategies against growing share of milk mandi i.e. chowta and localRead MoreReport Based Upon Observation On The Classroom2455 Words   |  10 Pagesteacher and a lot of oral QA when problems were being worked out on the Smartboard. Many times, I saw the teacher use think aloud procedures to coax her students into solving new math problem that they didn’t think they could do. I liked this guided approach because it reminded me a great deal of how I used to learn math. She even gave out math homework assignments that were to be graded in class and turned in daily. She kept detailed records for of all these assessments in her grade book. Mrs. DavisRead MoreSarss Dairy Project11199 Words   |  45 PagesA SUMMER TRAINING REPORT ON â€Å"CONSUMER AWARENES TOWARDS SARAS PRODUCT† AJMER ZILA DUGDH UTPADAK SAHAKARI SANGH LTD., AJMER SUBMITTED TO RAJASTHAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, KOTA 2010-2012 Submitted by: Supervised by; MukeshDukya Ms. Swati Jangid MBA – 3rd Sem. Assistant Professor ARYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERINGRead MoreEssay on Freedom of Speech in Cyberspace2592 Words   |  11 PagesFreedom of Speech in Cyberspace: Government Restrictions on Content in the United States of America (this essay is missing the url of each source cited) Information wants to be free. The Internet fosters free speech on a global scale.[1] Introduction The Internet provides a gateway for an individual to speak freely and anonymously without being targeted to what he or she said. With this said, one of the biggest issues concerning the Internet today is freedom of speech. The issue ofRead MoreTui Mgt 499 Module 2 Case1230 Words   |  5 PagesTrident University International MGT499 – Strategic Management Module 2 Case Core Professor: Dr. Sara Garski Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC) is a global automaker based in Toyota, Aichi, Japan. The company is a global leading automaker in terms of sales and output, and it employs more than 320,808 people globally. Toyota’s main business is automobile manufacturing and financial services (Investopedia.com, 2011). This is a great company that has been very successful over the past coupleRead MoreAmerican Apparel: Vertically Integrated in Downtown L.A.2170 Words   |  9 Pagesmarketing side of their operations by capitalizing on both brand names and retail outlets. For example, Sara Lee Corporation, one of the largest apparel producers in the United States—who’s stable of famous brand names includes L’eggs hosiery, Hanes, Playtex, Wonder-bras, Bali, and Coach leather products. It recently announced its plans to ‘de-verticalize’ its consumer products divisions, According to a Sara Lee spokeswoman, ‘‘the operating model for today’s exemplary companies no longer needs to includeRead MoreWalt Disney s Objectives Of The World s Leading Producers And Providers Of Entertainment Essay1397 Words   |  6 PagesMission â€Å"The purpose of the company Walt Disney is to be one of the world s leading producers and providers of entertainment and information using its portfolio of brands to differentiate its content, services and consumer goods. The primary financial objectives of the company are to maximize profits and cash flow, and allocate capital to initiatives the development of long-term shareholder value.† Organizational Structure Disney operates using a strategic business organizational structure ofRead MoreAl Jazeera and CNN1741 Words   |  7 Pages and analyzing the content, of Al Jazeera is very different than that of CNN. When first searching for Al Jazeera content their website, that is free of any outside advertising, is the first return that is discovered. The headlines at the top of the website consist of human rights issues and investigations, the common headline â€Å"entertainment†, that is present on almost every profit media conglomerate, is absent. Al Jazeera presents many programs that provide in depth analysis on controversial stories

Project Scheduling and Cost Control

Question: Discuss about the Project Scheduling and Cost Control. Answer: Introduction: In 1910s Henry Gantt, (an American mechanical engineer and management consultant) devised a special type of a bar chart called a Gantt chart that denotes a schedule of a particular project (Milos?evic?, 2013). In my research, I will use a Gantt chart to demonstrate the commencement and culmination periods of the summary and terminal rudiments of the task. Summary and terminal essentials in this case will comprise of the task breakdown structure of the entire project. Besides, the Gantt chart will be used to depict the dependency (that is the precedence linkage) correlation between activities (Taylor, 2008). As shown in the timeline, the research process will cover a period of eight months that is from April to November 2017. The terminal and summary elements of the study proposal are represented in a dependency relationship such that one is a prerequisite of the other. For instance, identification of the research proposal will be a precondition that is the phase must take place first before formulating the research questions. Throughout my researching activities, I will strive to insurer all stages in the Gantt chart are conducted as stipulated within the given time frames but I will also allow room for flexibility. Bibliography Milos?evic?, D. (2013). Project management toolbox : tools and techniques for the practicing project manager. Hoboken, N.J.: J. Wiley Sons. Taylor, J. (2008). Project scheduling and cost control : planning, monitoring and controlling the baseline. Ft. Lauderdale, Fla.: J. Ross Pub.

5 Number Problems

5 Number Problems 5 Number Problems 5 Number Problems By Mark Nichol 1. Number Collisions In the sentence â€Å"The day the slain woman was to turn 28, 3,000 gathered at a church to recall her life,† the proximity of her age (assuming it is styled numerically rather than spelled out) and the number of mourners confuses the eye. Readers may assume, before they comprehend the sense of the sentence, that the comma after her age and the following letter space are erroneous and that the digits belong in one figure. If the numerical style for the age is correct, revise the sentence to read, â€Å"The day the slain woman was to turn 28, several thousand people gathered at a church to recall her life.† (This distraction can also occur when a year, a room or building number, or any other numerical designation precedes a figure.) 2. Number Ranges Do not use the word from preceding a number range in which a dash (or, in this case, as employed often in newspapers and online, a hyphen) appears: â€Å"The Korean War lasted from 1950-1953† should read â€Å"The Korean War lasted from 1950 to 1953† or â€Å"The Korean War lasted 1950-1953.† â€Å"The class will be held from 7-10 p.m.† is correctly expressed â€Å"The class will be held from 7 p.m. to 10 p.m.† (the first p.m. may be elided) or â€Å"The class will be held 7-10 p.m.† 3. Number Names When you employ specialized terms that include combinations of numbers or numbers and letters, be sure you’re typing them correctly. The term in â€Å"It’s safe to open your 401K statement again† is correctly rendered 401(k). The designation for a certain nonprofit corporation sometimes incorrectly styled 501c3 or 501(c)3 should appear as 501(c)(3). 4. Numbers with Hyphenation I’ve written about hyperhyphenation and hypohyphenation before (search this site for â€Å"hyphens† for more posts on the topic), but these twin troubles persist, so I will, too: Pay attention when using hyphens in phrases involving numbers. No hyphens are necessary in â€Å"The electrified fence is 10-feet-high,† because â€Å"10 feet high† is a simple description, not an adjectival phrase describing a noun that follows immediately (â€Å"10-foot-high electrified fence† is correct). One of those extra hyphens can be donated to the phrase â€Å"21-year old world record,† which refers not to an old world record consisting of 21 years (is that â€Å"old world,† as in â€Å"old-world charm†?), but to a world record that is 21 years old. 5. Numbers and Currency Take care when making references to money: Redundant references such as â€Å"The fine was set at $5 million dollars† or â€Å"I found $100 bucks in an old shoe box† are common. Be consistent in one article or book about whether you use currency symbols or spell the terms out; the determination should be based on the level of formality (currency terms are usually spelled out in more formal writing) weighed against the frequency of occurrence (numerous and/or technical references to money are best presented with symbols). Keep in mind, too, that use of the dollar sign is ubiquitous, but the cent sign is rare, so if reference is made separately to dollars and cents, it’s best to spell out both terms: â€Å"In 1960, the candy bar cost 5 cents; by the beginning of the twenty-first century, it sold for a dollar.† Also, avoid using numerals for orders of magnitude. The figure in â€Å"The binary star is more than 57,000,000,000,000 miles from Earth† is difficult to read, as is the total in â€Å"The budget was 5,666,943,643 dollars.† In the first example, use the term of magnitude: â€Å"The binary star is more than 57 trillion miles from Earth.† Use the same approach for the monetary figure, which is unnecessarily precise; multidigit references to currency are often rounded off at two decimals past the degree of magnitude. â€Å"The budget was 5.66 billion dollars.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:30 Synonyms for â€Å"Meeting†50 Idioms About Fruits and Vegetables20 Ways to Cry

History of the Dust Bowl Ecological Disaster

History of the Dust Bowl Ecological Disaster The Dust Bowl was the name given to an area of the Great Plains (southwestern Kansas, Oklahoma panhandle, Texas panhandle, northeastern New Mexico, and southeastern Colorado) that was devastated by nearly a decade of drought and soil erosion during the 1930s. The huge dust storms that ravaged the area destroyed crops and made living there untenable. Millions of people were forced to leave their homes, often searching for work in the West. This ecological disaster, which exacerbated the Great Depression, was only alleviated after the rains returned in 1939 and soil conservation efforts had begun in earnest. It Was Once Fertile Ground The Great Plains was once known for its rich, fertile, prairie soil that had taken thousands of years to build up. Following the Civil War, cattlemen over-grazed the semi-arid Plains, overcrowding it with cattle that fed on the prairie grasses that held the topsoil in place. Cattlemen were soon replaced by wheat farmers, who settled in the Great Plains and over-plowed the land. By World War I, so much wheat grew that farmers plowed mile after mile of soil, taking the unusually wet weather and bumper crops for granted. In the 1920s, thousands of additional farmers migrated to the area, plowing even more areas of grassland. Faster and more powerful gasoline tractors easily removed the remaining native Prairie grasses. But little rain fell in 1930, thus ending the unusually wet period. The Drought Begins An eight-year drought started in 1931 with hotter than usual temperatures. Winter’s prevailing winds took their toll on the cleared terrain, unprotected by indigenous grasses that once grew there. By 1932, the wind picked up and the sky went black in the middle of the day when a 200-mile-wide dirt cloud ascended from the ground. Known as a black blizzard, the topsoil tumbled over everything in its path as it blew away. Fourteen of these black blizzards blew in 1932. There were 38 in 1933. In 1934, 110 black blizzards blew. Some of these black blizzards unleashed large amounts of static electricity, enough to knock someone to the ground or short out an engine. Without green grasses to eat, cattle starved or were sold. People wore gauze masks and put wet sheets over their windows, but buckets of dust still managed to get inside their homes. Short on oxygen, people could barely breathe. Outside, the dust piled up like snow, burying cars and homes. The area, which had once been so fertile, was now referred to as the â€Å"Dust Bowl,† a term coined by reporter Robert Geiger in 1935. The dust storms grew bigger, sending swirling, powdery dust farther and farther, affecting more and more states. The Great Plains were becoming a desert as over 100 million acres of deeply plowed farmland lost all or most of its topsoil. Plagues and Illnesses The Dust Bowl intensified the wrath of the Great Depression. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt offered help by creating the Drought Relief Service, which offered relief checks, the buying of livestock, and food handouts; however, that didn’t help the land. Plagues of starving rabbits and jumping locusts came out of the hills. Mysterious illnesses began to surface. Suffocation occurred if one was caught outside during a dust storm – storms that could materialize out of nowhere. People became delirious from spitting up dirt and phlegm, a condition which became known as dust pneumonia or the brown plague. People sometimes died from their exposure to dust storms, especially children and the elderly. Migration With no rain for four years, Dust Bowlers by the thousands picked up and headed west in search of farm work in California. Tired and hopeless, a mass exodus of people left the Great Plains. Those with tenacity stayed behind in hopes that the next year is better. They didn’t want to join the homeless who had to live in floorless camps with no plumbing in San Joaquin Valley, California, desperately trying to seek enough migrant farm work to feed their families. But many of them were forced to leave when their homes and farms were foreclosed. Not only did farmers migrate but also businessmen, teachers, and medical professionals left when their towns dried up. It is estimated that by 1940, 2.5 million people had moved out of the Dust Bowl states. Hugh Bennett Has an Idea In March 1935, Hugh Hammond Bennett, now known as the father of soil conversation, had an idea and took his case to lawmakers on Capitol Hill. A soil scientist, Bennett had studied soils and erosion from Maine to California, in Alaska, and Central America for the Bureau of Soils. As a child, Bennett had watched his father use soil terracing in North Carolina for farming, saying that it helped the soil from blowing away. Bennett also had witnessed areas of land located side by side, where one patch had been abused and become unusable, while the other remained fertile from nature’s forests. In May 1934, Bennett attended a Congressional hearing regarding the problem of the Dust Bowl. While trying to relay his conservation ideas to the semi-interested Congressmen, one of the legendary dust storms made it all the way to Washington D.C. The dark gloom covered the sun and the legislators finally breathed what the Great Plains farmers had tasted. No longer in doubt, the 74th Congress passed the Soil Conservation Act, signed by President Roosevelt on April 27, 1935. Soil Conservation Efforts Begin Methods were developed and the remaining Great Plains farmers were paid a dollar an acre to try the new methods. Needing the money, they tried. The project called for the phenomenal planting of two hundred million wind-breaking trees across the Great Plains, stretching from Canada to northern Texas, to protect the land from erosion. Native red cedar and green ash trees were planted along fencerows separating properties. The extensive re-plowing of the land into furrows, planting trees in shelterbelts, and crop rotation resulted in a 65 percent reduction in the amount of soil blowing away by 1938. However, the drought continued. It Finally Rained Again In 1939, the rain finally came again. With the rain and the new development of irrigation built to resist drought, the land once again grew golden with the production of wheat.

Building Your Company's Vision by Jim Collins & Jerry Porras Assignment

Building Your Company's Vision by Jim Collins & Jerry Porras - Assignment Example It is the sum of the characters of an organization which forms the infrastructure of the organization over the period of time. Core Ideology is the heritage of the founders or other eminent members of the organization leave behind which stays with the company forever. It shows where the organization stands, what is its purpose, and why does it exists. The most fundamental part of core ideology is the purpose of existence of the organization. Core ideology is not about the market trends or the customer needs. It is an internal organizational matter and it is not affected by the fluctuations and demands of the market. In a world of continuous change, core ideology is vital for the company to hold an organization and its personnel together at all times and makes it indifferent to the entire outside stimulus which may have the potential to hinder the company’s development. HP, Sony, Disney, Motorola, 3M and many other powerful companies have had focused and clear core ideologies w hich helped them pave their way to success. Core values are those lasting tenets of an organization which do not require any external justification or explanation. They exist for the company itself not for the market or the customers. They do not change according to the market trends but are formed on the basis of the values and beliefs of the people working in these organizations. Core values are not strategies for success but they are a handful of principles and rules passed on to generations which helps the company to last in the ever-changing business world. They do not change frequently if they change at all. Core values remain constant during times of environmental and social change as they are values of the people working inside an organization and behold their intrinsic beliefs and insights.  

Internationl Economic Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Internationl Economic Law - Essay Example These trade advantages encompass benefits like larger import quotas or lower tariffs and import duties. A country designated with the MFN status must be treated on an equal platform as any other country that has been awarded the MFN status by the nation granting this special status. The MFN treatment principle is important in the context of the WTO whose members have pledged to award MFN statuses to each other. There are also certain exceptions like designating free trade sectors on a regional basis and providing additional benefits to the developing nations. Under the MFN system stipulated by the WTO, a member nation that grants the most-favoured status to a non-member state for a particular product is obliged to provide the same benefits to other members of the WTO2. Thus, the WTO ensures that trade benefits are provided to all members as well as non-members on an equitable basis. The notion of a Most-Favoured Nation has existed since medieval times where smaller versions of such a greements have existed since the 15th Century. However, the expansion of MFN status in international trade began to develop during the 18th century3. Before the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), the MFN treatment could be found only among Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) which indeed aided in liberalizing international trade. MFNs also find mention in the ‘Fourteen points’ laid out by United States (US) President Woodrow Wilson in 1918 which called for the liberalization and equality of trade conditions among nations4. Features of the MFN principle The MFN treatment principle has numerous economic effects that are elaborated below. Advantages to International Trade The most important benefit of the MFN principle is that it allows nations to import goods from the most cost-effective and efficient producer without disrupting the notion of comparative advantage5. For instance, a country can import products from the best supplier from different countries ba sed on cost, quality and efficiency thereby improving its economic efficiency. However this efficiency is distorted if the importing nation imposes a higher tariff on imports from the efficient supplier, prompting the importer to prefer products of the next best supplier (from a different country) at lower tariffs. This results in a trade imbalance which reduces the economic benefit to the importing nation besides disrupting global economic efficiency6. The provision of the MFN status in this context to all the countries implies that the importing country will levy equal tariffs on all exporting nations resulting in the procurement of goods from the most efficient supplier. Thus, the primary objective of the MFN treatment principle is to improve the efficiency of international trade. Free Trade System As mentioned above, the equal treatment of nations based on the MFN treatment principle accords the most liberal business environment that allows WTO member states to cut costs in nego tiation and monitoring trade agreements. In simpler words, the MFN treatment has resulted in the reduction of costs associated with the maintenance and functioning of the free trade system7. Equal treatment for imports from all member countries also means that costs associated with ascertaining the originating port or country are also reduced thereby contributing

Safeguarding Children in Social Work

Safeguarding Children in Social Work To answer this question I am going to critically evaluate the impact of direct work with children from a safeguarding perspective which will include children who have been placed in foster care as a direct consequence. In addition I will identify and critically assess the impact of current legislation and research on the lives of children. I will first explain direct work and its importance; secondly I will evaluate the impact of conducing direct work with children in light of legislation and policy and thirdly critically evaluate the critical issues highlighted in the theory behind the use of observation. Hapgood, 1988 ( cited in Fahlberg, 2012: 338 ) posits that; â€Å"direct work with children is used to enable children to understand significant events in the past, confront the feelings that are secondary to those events, and become more fully involved in the future planning of their lives†. Social work with children can be challenging especially as they are working with individuals who are not fully developed and may not be able to express their needs as adults can. It is at this point that a firm understanding of how to obtain information from children is understood in order to protect them, Winter, (2011). Direct work with children can take many forms and typically consists of; Listening, communication, observations and interacting with the child, (Winter, 2011). There are a variety of tools and mechanisms that can be used to undertake direct work with children and family’s such as; using drawings, life story work, playing games and using toys, (Ruch, 2014). Carroll, (1998) illustrates some tools that can be used with children such as; Treasure Island and magical houses, during my practice placement I used some of these tools as part of the single assessment, a single assessment is a holistic framework used by social work professionals which is based on an ecological approach to assessing children under three different domains, (Ferguson, 2011). For example I worked with a child who had been exposed to parental abuse and was subsequently placed in foster care. To establish a relationship with the child and explore the child’s experiences I used the Treasure Island task wh ich allowed me to establish the child’s relationships, which the child has a strong attachment with and or any concerns with their relationships, McMahon, (1992). Subsequently conducting direct work has come from lessons learnt from the past, an Ofsted report highlights that the previous focus has been on the parents and not the child, Ofsted,(2009 / 2010). To illustrate a young girl was a victim of a sexual assault by a male known to her mother, her mother misused drugs and alcohol, it was found that the girl was only spoken to once and her wishes and feelings had not been prioritised thus leaving her in a vulnerable position open to the attack, (Ofsted, 2009 / 2010). With this in mind in and reflecting on my practice from the previous example, I would adapt some of the tasks I used in this scenario; this is because I found the magical house task was too advanced for younger children: it may have been more appropriate if I used the buttons task because using objects can make things easier for younger children to understand. The impact of serious case reviews and inquiries have seen a drive to integrate direct work into social work practice which has been reinforced by legislation. The Children Act, 1989 (as amended by section 53 (4a) of the Children Act 2004) requires that the local authorities give due regard to a child’s wishes and feelings, of which S.22 (4a) Children Act 1989 includes those children that are or maybe looked after by the local authority. The Working Together To Safeguard Children’s Guidelines 2013 further strengthened these obligations as it was found, in the Daniel Pelka’s serious case review that Daniel was not spoken too until too late and at that point may not have been able to articulate himself, therefore his wishes and feelings had not been heard if they had been heard this may have saved Daniel from his untimely death, (Lock et al,2013). The importance of the Child’s Voice is also enshrined in Article 10 of the Human Rights Act 1998 which requires; † the Local Authority to ascertain the ‘ wishes and feelings’ of children and give due consideration (with regard to the child’s age and understanding) to these when determining what services to provide, or what action to take†, ( Munro, 2011:24). In addition the UK has ratified in 1992 with The United Convention of the Rights of the Child, (UNCRC), of which Article 12 (1) states; â€Å"Parties shall assure to the child who is capable of forming his or her own views the right to express those views freely in all matters affecting the child, the views of the child being given due weight in accordance with the age and maturity of the child†, (UNCRC,1989: 5). The local authority must also follow the; National Minimum Standards for both Adoption (2013) and Fostering (2011) which is used in inspections by Ofsted. While the Children and Families Act, 2014 affords children greater protection and support ensuring all children can be successful, Donovan , (2014) . However although legislation has reinforced the need for direct work with children there are challenges that persist in its use, ( Ruch, 2014). Luckock, (2013) argued that with the increase in legislative controls this has had an impact on the beauracracy within social work, and as Ferguson, (2011) argues this may lead practice to becomes target driven and service led rather than client led. Furthermore Ferguson, (2011) purports that practioner skills are being eroded because of the time spent at their desks typing out assessments and meeting statutory requirements. For example on my practice placement I have had experience of completing paper work for a child whom became a Looked After Child by the Local Authority, the administration that was generated from this process restricted me to the office for at least three days because statutory guidelines require that; LAC reports, court reports and legal meetings must be completed within specific timeframes. The Working Together Guidelin es reinforce this need for protocol for instance by stipulating that; â€Å" every assessment should be focused on outcomes†, (Working Together To Safeguard Children, 2013:22), which could perhaps be seen as leading towards a service led practice instead of child centred practice. In addition social care staff have also highlighted that they feel as if they are working in a culture of fear such that, any display of warmth towards a child could be misconstrued as unprofessional and exploitative, ( Mcleod, 2010). This raises difficulties for professionals when they conduct direct work with children and hope to form a relationship that allows the child to feel comfortable speaking about their experiences, (Tyler et al, 2005, cited in Oliver, 2010). Notably when Looked After Children were asked what they wanted from their social worker, they said; â€Å" they would like their social worker to be like a friend† (Oliver,2010: 29). This Current research and theory have also had an impact on the use of direct work in the lives of children who need safeguarding or who are Looked After by the Local Authority, (Luckock, 2013). Development theory such as attachment by Bowlby, (1969) can inform direct work with children to obtain the child’s wishes and feelings, observation is a method which can inform and use attachment theory to aide in the assessment process (Sharman et al, 2004). During my practice placement, I used observation as a method to inform my assessment. I observed a one year old child who became Looked After by the Local Authority. I observed the Child at the foster carer’s house, during my observation I noted that the young girl had trust issues, this was indicative from her behaviour; she would not have eye contact with adults and if she did look she would cry inconsolably. Importantly she did not allow her foster carer to touch her, she would push her hand away. When she was placed in her p lay pen she could scream uncontrollably and rock back and forth, her head was also flat which was an indication that, she had been left in one spot over long periods. Prior to this observation I planned how I would conduct the observation. I thought about the key purpose of the observation and from my thought process I concluded that I needed to ascertain what the infants’ attachment style was, (see Ainsworth, 1969). In addition I needed to observe the child’s relationships with others to establish how the infant had been emotionally affected by her mother’s maltreatment. As the child was Looked After it was the LA statutory duty to visit the child in the foster placement therefore consent was not an issue at this time. I also thought about which observation method I should use, I used the naturalistic style of observation, this meant I had to sit quietly and observe the child, it also meant that I must be careful not to make eye contact, I made notes in the present tense and my main focus was on the infant, (Fawcett, 2009). However practitioners must be aware of how their own personal and cultural experiences can have an impact on the observation, (Fawcett, 2009). Lord Laming, (2003) illustrates this point in the Victoria Climbie report by suggesting that; the focus was on Victoria’s heritage and cultural background and because of this, it acted as a barrier for professionals in assessing the need of the child, of which the need was that of any child who was suffering from abuse irrespective of cultural explanations. With this in mind Fawcett, (2009) suggests that typically, we tend to have a set hypothesis when observing and as such we try to find evidence to fit that theory, what Fawcett, (2009) explains is that we need to have an open approach to observation and think holistically. For example, I had to be mindful that although I was aware of the mum’s case history and that the case was going to court, I had to ensure that I was not looking for evidence to support the court report but t hat my task was to assess holistically. Furthermore there are strengths and limitations of using the naturalistic method of observation. The strengths to this approach is that; one is able to keep an ecological picture of the situation, notes can be taken immediately thus insuring the observation records are as accurate as possible and that it is in a natural setting, (Sharman, 2004). For example, because I was able to write the notes as the observation was happening I managed to get the intricate details , for instance her hand gestures which I may have forgotten had I written the notes later. However Sharman, (2004) noted that the limitations to the naturalistic approach raised dilemma’s such that there was no direction as to what data should be collected and the data that was collected was subsequently amassed together without structure. Reflecting back on my practice with this observation, I would have preferred to observe the child with both of the foster carers present, because the female foster carer told us that the young girl was afraid of female carers but was comfortable around the male carer her husband, it would have strengthened the assessment if I was able to observe this early on in the placement. In addition to the strengths and weaknesses of naturalistic observations another aspect to be aware of is the impact of the observer’s emotional responses in the observation (Fahlberg, 2012). For instance in my observation I had to manage my emotions when watching the child in distress, because that would have clouded my judgement of the situation. Trowell and Miles, (2009) suggests that the observers need to realise what observations are their own emotional responses and thoughts and these need to be separated and noted which emotions have come from the observer and which is the child’s. Luckock, (2013) argues that if the observers emotions are not acknowledged and examined this may lead to a different outcome of the observation as your own emotions may distort your judgement of what is actually occurring. Similarly Fawcett, (2009) highlights that the observer needs to be aware that every child is unique in for example in temperament and may not react the same way beca use their developmental path which is a mixture of biological and environmental experiences. The Every Child Matters agenda recognises such differences and purports to highlight that child development is holistic and must thus be assessed as such, Fawcett, (2009). As discussed previously consent for this observation was not problematic however at times it can be. I have had to manage a situation when this has been an issue; a young 15 year old boy had been maltreated. Children’s Social Care (CSC) wanted to observe the boy in school to see his attachment behaviour to inform their assessment. CSC would not have been able to speak with the child without permission from the parents and this was not an option. As the local authority did not have parental responsibility this can pose as a dilemma for practitioners who are assessing children that may be at risk of significant harm. However in some instances the local Authority can assess the child as Gillick competent, NSPCC, (2015) this means that the local authority are saying that the child who is under 16 is mature enough to give consent for example to being observed, NSPCC (2015). Gaining consent for the observation and using clauses such as Gillick competence raises issues of power and how social workers should work in an anti – oppressive and anti – discriminatory way, (Luckock, 2013). Essentially observation can be oppressive for the child, it can perhaps make the child feel uncomfortable and highlights the power imbalance between them and the professional, Luckock, (2013). Therefore Baldwin, (1994) posits that groups that have less power for example; children, the elderly and BME groups should be assessed on the basis of being â€Å"seen and heard† (p,79). Similarly observers need to recognise that society views for example about; being Gay, black or disabled are not necessarily positively viewed as for instance being a heterosexual white male. Therefore these differences need to be recognised when observing and the observer should perhaps use a socio – cultural frame work and discuss the observation afterwards with a supervisor as this allows for a reflective stance when making judgements, and could help achieve records that are as accurate as possible,(Hsu and Arnold, 2006). Overall legislation, policy and research has had an impact on direct work, legislation as discussed has reinforced and compelled the use of direct work in practice. This has can be seen as a positive influence leading to a child centred way of working which may be beneficial for children as they will have a voice and receive the required help. On the other hand research into how direct work can be effective for example; in observation can help to inform the direct work process and insure that children’s experiences and lives are being assessed accurately as possible.

Virgils Aeneid as Roman Propaganda Essay example -- Aeneid Essays

Virgil's Aeneid as Roman Propaganda  Ã‚   Rome was experiencing a great deal of internal turmoil during the period when Virgil wrote the Aeneid. There was somewhat of an identity crisis in Rome as it had no definitive leader, or history. With the ascension of Augustus to the throne, Rome was unified again. Still, it had no great book. The Greeks had their Odyssey, giving them a sense of history and of continuity through time. A commonly held view is that the Aeneid attempts to provide the Romans with this sense of continuity or roots. There is a great deal of textual evidence to support this interpretation. Virgil makes numerous references to the greatness of Rome through "ancient" prophecies. Clearly, the entire poem is an account of the founders of Rome. In some sense, this does make the Aeneid seem as a piece of propaganda. However, upon closer examination, there is another idea that Virgil presents. War is painted as a vicious and bloody, not some glorious event. The image of war condemns the concept of Rome as the all-p owerful conqueror of other nations. Not only that, but the strong emphasis on duty is frequently mocked. These underlying ideas would seem to run contrary to the theory that Virgil was simply producing a synthesized history of ancient Romans. In order to determine the true intent of the Aeneid, it is important that both ideas presented be examined. "I sing of warfare and a man at war†¦Till he could found a city†¦the high walls of Rome." (Book I, 1-12) There can be no dispute that the Aeneid is an account of the history of Rome. There are several items which with Virgil links the story of Aeneas to the Rome of his time period. Probably the most obvious of these is the surplus of predictions concerning Rome’... ...many readers today still are). No one can be entirely sure of Virgil’s true intent in writing the Aeneid. Perhaps he meant it as a glorification of Rome that had some discrepancies in it. Perhaps he meant it as an attack upon the character of Rome with some inconsistencies. Either way, it does not work well. Whatever Virgil’s argument, he compromises it by playing up the opposite argument. If Virgil meant to attack Rome, he failed in some respects. Likewise, if he meant the Aeneid to be a work of Roman propaganda, he was ineffective. Works Cited and Consulted Horsfall, Nicholas, ed. A Companion to the Study of Virgil. Leiden, New York, and Kà ¶ln: E. J. Brill, 1995. Putnam, Michael C. J. â€Å"Anger, Blindness, and Insight in Virgil's Aeneid.† Apeiron 23 (1990): 7-40. Virgil. Aeneid. Dover Thrift Edition. Trans. Charles J. Billson. New York: Dover, 1995. Virgil's Aeneid as Roman Propaganda Essay example -- Aeneid Essays Virgil's Aeneid as Roman Propaganda  Ã‚   Rome was experiencing a great deal of internal turmoil during the period when Virgil wrote the Aeneid. There was somewhat of an identity crisis in Rome as it had no definitive leader, or history. With the ascension of Augustus to the throne, Rome was unified again. Still, it had no great book. The Greeks had their Odyssey, giving them a sense of history and of continuity through time. A commonly held view is that the Aeneid attempts to provide the Romans with this sense of continuity or roots. There is a great deal of textual evidence to support this interpretation. Virgil makes numerous references to the greatness of Rome through "ancient" prophecies. Clearly, the entire poem is an account of the founders of Rome. In some sense, this does make the Aeneid seem as a piece of propaganda. However, upon closer examination, there is another idea that Virgil presents. War is painted as a vicious and bloody, not some glorious event. The image of war condemns the concept of Rome as the all-p owerful conqueror of other nations. Not only that, but the strong emphasis on duty is frequently mocked. These underlying ideas would seem to run contrary to the theory that Virgil was simply producing a synthesized history of ancient Romans. In order to determine the true intent of the Aeneid, it is important that both ideas presented be examined. "I sing of warfare and a man at war†¦Till he could found a city†¦the high walls of Rome." (Book I, 1-12) There can be no dispute that the Aeneid is an account of the history of Rome. There are several items which with Virgil links the story of Aeneas to the Rome of his time period. Probably the most obvious of these is the surplus of predictions concerning Rome’... ...many readers today still are). No one can be entirely sure of Virgil’s true intent in writing the Aeneid. Perhaps he meant it as a glorification of Rome that had some discrepancies in it. Perhaps he meant it as an attack upon the character of Rome with some inconsistencies. Either way, it does not work well. Whatever Virgil’s argument, he compromises it by playing up the opposite argument. If Virgil meant to attack Rome, he failed in some respects. Likewise, if he meant the Aeneid to be a work of Roman propaganda, he was ineffective. Works Cited and Consulted Horsfall, Nicholas, ed. A Companion to the Study of Virgil. Leiden, New York, and Kà ¶ln: E. J. Brill, 1995. Putnam, Michael C. J. â€Å"Anger, Blindness, and Insight in Virgil's Aeneid.† Apeiron 23 (1990): 7-40. Virgil. Aeneid. Dover Thrift Edition. Trans. Charles J. Billson. New York: Dover, 1995.

Cinderella: Difference and German Story Essay

Cinderella and Ashputtle are two different stories based on the same plot. Ashputtle is a German story, and Cinderella is from France. From what one can tell from reading the two versions, these two countries are able to produce very different styles of writing. The stories Ashputtle and Cinderella are very similar in plot, yet the details are very different in multiple ways. The German story, Ashputtle, is a much harsher story. Ashputtle contains more blood and revenge, and has a darker theme to it. In this story, Ashputtle’s father seems to ignore her and not care very much about her. Also in Ashputtle, at the end of the story, the stepsisters’ eyes were plucked out by birds, as a punishment for how the acted. The blood scenes occur when the two stepsisters cut off parts of their feet to attempt to fit into the glass slipper, and shortly later the prince realizes what is wrong and brings them back to their home. The French version of the story, Cinderella, is written in a lighter tone. Instead of being filled with vengeance and blood, it is more of a peaceful theme, and nothing really happens to the stepsisters at the end of the story. In Cinderella, her father still cares very much about her and loves her, yet he is overruled by his wife, Cinderella’s stepmother. Another difference in Cinderella is that there is a fairy godmother, while in Ashputtle, the girl goes out to her mother’s grave to pray and the animals come out to help her. There are several ways in which the stories are similar. The two stories obviously have very similar plots, and the protagonists have the same personality and traits. Most of the characters in Ashputtle reflect their corresponding characters in Cinderella, such as the stepsisters and the prince. Both the stories are based on the fairy tale of a nice girl who is poorly treated, but then she ends up living happily ever after with a handsome prince. The stories have the wicked stepmother and stepsisters who treat the girl badly. The girl ends up going to the ball and she is considered the most beautiful girl there, yet nobody recognizes her. The prince meets her and is amazed by her beauty and kindness, and he wishes to marry her. Animals also play an important part in both of the stories, as they help out the protagonist in going to the ball. Although the two versions of the story are quite different, many key similarities can clearly be seen between the two. The differences also show how two very different cultures can produce the same story in their own ways. Today, the story has become international, and it could be interesting to see how other cultures may write their own versions. This same situation occurs with many other tales, such as Snow White or Sleeping Beauty. Of course, differences are always found, yet the key similarities are a way to link the different versions.

E Commerce A Storage Environment - 1025 Words

We use database in our everyday life and some of the common uses of databases are given below: †¢ Personal Cloud Storage: When in our any type of storage device like a phone or a tablet we are saving documents like a photo or an audio file we are saving it in a cloud. Now the cloud here is a storage environment presented to us by syncing data through a powerful database, we not only store data but can call the data anytime and retrieve it. †¢ Social Media: User information is required by every social media platform which is stored by databases to provide the end user with recommendation of friends, topics, businesses and products of preference. †¢ E-commerce: Database is used by any type of online organization to orient and organize their†¦show more content†¦Databases of extreme power are needed to track information regarding day to day basis transactions and even to predict future of the finance world using financial models. †¢ Weather: Prediction of weather is a complex process and depends on numerous factors. These factors are gathered by databases and stored to be analyzed and the resultant report is sent to a weather channel or an in your smartphone. Data taken in by a weather company per day can be of size 20 terabytes. For supporting such data the company uses databases like MySQL, Cassandra and many more. †¢ Government Organizations: For various purposes such as research, legislation, defense and many more, information is collected frequently by government organizations .Very powerful and advanced database systems are used to collect, store and analyze such information. †¢ Online Television Streaming: Netflix is an example of online television streaming service which uses database to generate a list of TV shows and movies to its user, keep track of preference and also to provide a list of shows for recommendation. Highly advanced database management system is required for analyzing such huge amount of data, for example Cassandra. Importance of Non-relational databases †¢ In comparison to relational databases, NoSQL databases are better at providing superb performance while handling data of large scale and variable structures

The Issues And Challenges Of Parents Of Children With Autism

6. Conclusion The literature review explores the issues and challenges of parents of children diagnosed with autism, challenges such as accepting the diagnosis, lack of social and family support, guilt, judgment, and coping with the child’s autistic behavior. The studies indicate that there is a connection between the parent’s psychological distress, such as depression and stress, and parenting a child with autism. A big part of the battle parents are facing depends on their self-acceptance, feeling of judgment by society, and the child’s level of behavioral problems. Many of the studies also explore different types of coping mechanisms of parents of children with autism and suggest different solutions and interventions to assist the parents. Due to the constant challenges and struggles that parents of ASD kids are facing, many of these parents exhibit both physical and emotional draining. They also experience emotional distress that can result in stress and depression. In my personal story, I reviewed my own experience of being a parent to a child with an ASD diagnosis. As it was demonstrated both from the literature review and though my personal story, it is clear that facing an ASD diagnosis is a big crisis. Part of the crisis relates to the stigma of ASD. Parents face judgment and resentments toward their children from the general public as well as judgment on their parenting style. This judgment comes as a result of the typical appearance of most children withShow MoreRelatedIntroduction. Managing Autism Can Be A Challenge To Cope1397 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Managing autism can be a challenge to cope with in any family with-out understanding ASD. In the article, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Catherine Lord explains autism spectrum disorder, or ASD, as a neurodevelopmental syndrome that is defined by deficits in social reciprocity and communication, and by unusual restricted, repetitive disorder (2000. P355). Parenting a child on the autism spectrum is difficult for any parent who is uneducated about the specific disorder their child is facedRead MoreThe Effects Of Mild Autism On Children1484 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Mild autism can give you a genius like Einstein. If you have severe autism, you could remain nonverbal. You don t want people to be on the severe end of the spectrum. But if you got rid of all the autism genetics, you wouldn t have science or art. All you would have is a bunch of social yak yaks’, Temple Grandin. (Grandin, 2013) Born on August 29, 1947, Temple Grandin was diagnosed with autism as a young child. As T emple grew, she began pursuing work in psychology as well as animal scienceRead MoreThe Effects Of Autism On Children With Different Disabilities1471 Words   |  6 Pagesmiddle of the semester I was able to observe a classroom that catered to children with different disabilities and I decided to focus on the children that were showing symptoms of Autism. As I was doing my observation I noticed that the children were displaying different kinds of challenges, behaviors, and had different needs that needed to be met. With these observation I wanted to explore why that was so. What is Autism? Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social interactionRead MoreThe Effect Of Telehealth On The Language And Communication Delays That Accompany Autism Spectrum Disorder ( Autism ) Essay1703 Words   |  7 Pagesthe language and communication delays that accompany Autism Spectrum Disorder (autism), specifically in children. Autism Spectrum Disorder is â€Å"a complex developmental disability, typically appearing during childhood and affecting a person’s ability to communicate and interact with others† (Autism Society, 2016). Autism is typically diagnosed in childhood and affects the individual into adulthood. Description of Childhood Autism Diagnoses of autism have increased rapidly over the last ten years, andRead MoreThe Parenting And Emotional Challenges Associated With Gloria s Youngest Daughter Essay1173 Words   |  5 Pages â€Æ' This book review written by parent Gloria Doty, addresses the parenting and emotional challenges associated with Gloria’s youngest daughter Kalisha. Autism spectrum disorder specifically Asperger and how parenting is impacted by the emotional dissonance, mental and physical components of the disorder. Doty, presents early diagnosis and treatment as fundamental towards developing functional relationship with her daughter. The intent of the book is to inform as well as show the reader aboutRead MoreThe National Institute Of Mental Health1690 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to a study in the journal of Pediatric Dentistry, parents of children with autism define their children’s oral health as fair or poor. Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder have difficulties adjusting with the dental scenery, due mainly to their inability to communicate and socialize their thoughts and feelings. Dental office visits can be challenging to the child with autism and therefor the parent as well. It is our job as a dental professional to help make these office visits asRead MoreAutism Is Not Just One Disorder And It Affects The Normal Development Of A Child s Brain1498 Words   |  6 Pagesthe United States will result in a child with autism. According to the Autism Society of America, it is reported as the fastest-growing disability, reaching epidemic proportions at a rate of 10-17 percent per year. Most pare nts recognize the signs and symptoms of autism anytime between birth and the first three years of their child’s life. Autism is classified as a neurological disorder and it affects the normal development of a child’s brain. Autism is not just one disorder, but a group of relatedRead MoreAutism Is The Most Severe Disability Through Human Development1232 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican Psychological Association (2000), Autism is the most severe disability through human development, and its symptoms usually occur within the first three years after birth. Studies indicate that over the years, people in many countries around the world started to learn the critical importance of Autism, especially those from low- and middle-income countries (Malcolm-Smith, Hoogenhout, Ing, Thomas, de Vries, 2013). Compared to the widespread of Autism awareness, early detection and interventionRead MoreEssay On Parents Who Are Affected By Their Children Health1277 Words   |  6 PagesParent s Who Are Affected by Their Children’s Health Parents are not born knowing how to be parents which can be challenging even more so if the child is developmentally disabled. Children can bring positive and negative challenges which can influence the way parents manage their daily life’s. According to research, parent’s do find it overwhelming to raise a disabled child because it can increase chances of health problems on them (Hodge, D., Hoffman, C., Sweeney, D., Riggs, M., 2013). EspeciallyRead MoreChild And Adolescent Psychology And Psychiatry1417 Words   |  6 Pagesencounters that happens during daily routines that affect toddlers with autism disorder (ASD). SOR is often referred to as a sensory defensive which is some who has hypersensitivity to sensory input. People who suffer from this issues usually have lots of stress, looks at things as threatening and may even experience meltdowns as a result. They may also need professional help to deal with the side effects that come along with this issue. The journal in which this article came from is well known and

Pressure Groups Being Good for Democracy Essay - 631 Words

Pressure Groups Being Good for Democracy Pressure groups are organisations whose members share common interests and seek to influence governments. They can be classified in several different ways but the most important distinction is between insider and outsider groups. They are organisations that want to change policy but do not want to become the government. They focus on particular issues or areas of concern and can become involved in policy making by organising campaigns, sending letters, organising demonstrations and signing petitions. People join pressure groups to show their support for a particular issue and to join with other like-minded people in trying to influence our politicians. Some†¦show more content†¦Another positive effect is the groups allow for increased participation in politics by people who might otherwise be inactive on the political scene. Many people only get involved in politics at election time and a growing number of people are not even doing that. Ways of getting people involved mo re can include protests such as the â€Å"Brent Spar incident† where Greenpeace protested at the oil company Shell’s proposition to sink its disused oil platform Brent Spar in the sea instead of towing it away and dismantling it on land. Another method could be to allow people to sign a petition expressing their feelings on a certain issue. An example could be the petition asking â€Å"should smoking be banned from public places† in an attempt to show the government what the people’s opinions are on the topic and whether there should be a change or not. Pressure groups defend the interests of minorities in the community, particularly those which don’t gain a powerful outlet via political parties. This is done by forming a small group of people with the same strong views on a topic to show the government another point of view. By going to the trouble of forming a group this shows the government that this group wants their opinions to be heard and discussed. Pressure groups also helpShow MoreRelatedTo What Extent Are Pressure Groups Good for Democracy1118 Words   |  5 PagesPressure groups are formal (Insider) and informal (Outsider) associations whose goals are to further the interests of a specific section of the society to promote a particular cause by influencing the decisions of the government. An insider group is a pressure group which is very involved in the decision making of policies e.g. Cancer Research UK. An outsider group is a pressure who is not associated with decision making as they like to assert their independence and lack political clout e.g. GreenpeaceRead MoreFrench Government: An Oligarchy Rather Than a Polyarchy Essay1188 Words   |  5 Pagesactuality not. I plan to demonstrate it is more of an oligarchy than a polyarchy, polyarchy being fundamentally necessary for democracy. Drawing on research from conflict theorists I plan to show that France is not truly democratic. I plan to first draw a parallel betwe en research on France as a pluralist state and Robert Dahls New Haven study by showing that France like New Haven appears to be a pluralist democracy. I then plan to show just as G. William Domhoff did with Dahls original study, that theRead MorePeer Pressure1013 Words   |  5 PagesPeer pressure From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Peer pressure is influence that a peer group, observers or individual exerts that encourages others to change their attitudes, values, or behaviors to conform the group norms. Social groups affected include membership groups, in which individuals are formally members (such as political parties and trade unions), or social cliques in which membership is not clearly defined. A person affected by peer pressure may or may not want to belong to theseRead MoreAustralias System of Democracy857 Words   |  3 PagesIn reference to the Australia’s system of democracy, the pluralist theory of the state portrays the distribution of political power accurately in comparison to its rival theories, being Marxism and elitism. However, the theory faces certain limitations within the Australian political system. In order to thoroughly answer the question I will firstly start off by stating what the theory of pluralism entails by discussing the pluralist views of power. Secondly, I will highlight the characteristicsRead MoreThe Formation Of Social Policy1658 Words   |  7 Pages The Formation of Social Policy In this essay, I will be discussing how Conservatism and Socialism ideologies shape social policy in the UK. I will also be arguing that despite the United Kingdom being a democratic society, it is falling below democratic standards. At present, social media is one of the most powerful tools in shaping people’s perceptions on political ideologies, and therefore will be evaluating the extent it plays on policies asRead MoreDecreasing Teen Pregnancy Essay example928 Words   |  4 PagesDecreasing Teen Pregnancy Decreasing teen pregnancy has been a constant battle for the United States in the past few years. America has the highest teen pregnancy rate in the western part of the world despite not being the leader in sexually active teenagers. The main problem is that here in the United States we do not educate our children enough on having safe sex. Our children end up learning on their own and eventually end up having a child from the lack of knowledge they have. They alsoRead MoreTo What Extent Does Democracy in the Uk Suffer from a Participation Crisis?1234 Words   |  5 PagesPolitics Essay To what extent does democracy in the UK suffer from a participation crisis? (25 marks) There are a lot of ways in which citizens can participate in politics in the UK without necessarily having to vote for example: joining a political party, boycotting, and even signing petitions and fund raising. However, there is an argument that there has been a participation crisis over the past years in the UK. A participation crisis is when less and less citizens take part in politicalRead MoreBest Route for Economic Development for Poor Countries1724 Words   |  7 PagesWhether liberal democracy, illiberal democracy or authoritarian rule is the best route to economic development for low income countries Introduction Democracy and economic development are two concepts that were not related initially, however, with the rise of democracies and the subsequent economic development there is an established correlation between the two concepts. The question that this paper will seek to address is â€Å"which is the best regime for economic development†. In responding tothisRead More Authoritarianism: Until the Resources Dry Out Essay1146 Words   |  5 Pages History has known far more authoritarian regimes than any other form of government. Authoritarianism is a form of non-democratic rule defined by state power being centralized in a single person or a small group of people. Unlike democracies, these individuals in power are not dependent on the people for power. Thus, under authoritarianism, state leaders have little accountability to the public and there is little individual freedom. Additionally, authoritarian regimes are not bound by a constitutionRead MoreRole Of A Advocate Role Public I nterest Groups And Social Workers1496 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Work AHSS 1190 Dennis Long November 9th, 2014 One of the primary objectives in a representative democracy is to cater to the publics need by understanding the issues of concern and constructive criticisms. In order for needs to be met or negotiated, groups of like-minded individuals form in hopes to influence the government’s direction by voicing their opinions. Public interest groups take on this role to enforce change that they believe serves the public’s interest (Mintz, 2013). Influencing

Transculture in Nursing

Question: Discuss about the Assessments of Cultural Competence Initiatives Available in your Organization. Answer: Introduction The increase in racial and ethnic diversity in countries is bringing in opportunities as well as challenges for health care providers. They are constantly under pressure to deliver culturally competent care and this can be achieved by developing cultural competence skill in health care professionals. Cultural competence is the ability to deliver health care services to meet the social, cultural and linguistic needs of diverse group of people. To promote health and well-being of patients, health care providers need to respond to diverse values and health belief of patients (Huey et al., 2014). However, conflict situation or negative health outcome may arise when health care staffs fail to manage the socio-cultural difference and health beliefs of patient. Hence, the assessment of cultural competency within health care system is needed to improve the quality of care and eliminate racial and ethnic disparities in care. The goal of health care organization should be to create a culturall y competent environment. This is possible by having key elements in health system such as defined values and principles of cross-cultural interaction, conducting cultural competency assessment to develop the ability to manage diversity and assimilate cultural knowledge and integrate them in daily practice (Ring, Nyquist, Mitchell, 2016). With this challenges present in health care to respond to the needs of culturally diverse patient, the purpose of this report is to analyze the cultural competent initiative available in a health organization in Saudi Arabia and assess how they respond to the needs of culturally diverse group. It will help to gain idea about current challenges in Saudi Health care system and their preparedness to promote culturally competent care. Detail of health care organization This report is focused on examining the cultural competent initiative in King Fahad Military Medical Complex (KFMMC) of Saudi Arabia. The KFMMC hospital is located in Dhahran city of Saudi Arabia with 350 beds and 5000 employees. It was founded in 1989 and has different specialties like accident and emergency care, intensive care unit, operating room, cardiac center, physiotherapy, haemodialysis center, internal medicine, ophthalmology and many others. Other specialized department includes kidney transplant, nephrology, specialty clinics and kidney transplants. The rapid changes in economical, technological, social changes and customer-related demands have an impact of the nature and quality of care and KFMMC is highly reliant on international workforce. Presence of diverse cultural group can create risk in delivering health care and lead to medical error (Inocian, 2015). Hence, to eliminate this barrier in effective care practice, the purpose of KFMMC is to carry out comprehensive c ultural competence assessment to determine the level of knowledge about Saudi Cultural aspect in workforce and evaluate whether they practice in a culturally sensitive way or not. Rationale for cultural competence initiative in hospital of Saudi Arabia Cultural diversity presents the major challenge to health care workforce of Saudi Arabia. As patients and heath care staffs come from different linguistic and cultural background, it often leads to conflict. Staffs recruited in Saudi Arabian healthcare system are mainly non-Saudi who come from different parts of the world and they are unaware of the culture and beliefs of Saudi Arabian citizens. This factor makes care process inadequate and leads to misunderstanding which has an impact on therapeutic relationship as well as interaction with patients. Similar challenge is also experience by clinicians and nurses in King Fahad Military Medical Complex. Hence, due to the resultant mix of culturally and linguistically diverse health care staffs and patient in hospital, KFMMC felt the need to evaluate and assess the cultural awareness knowledge of nurses and other staffs. The problem of inadequate cultural awareness in health care setting can be addressed if health care organization takes steps to educate health professionals about all aspects of Saudi culture to minimize conflict and improve the quality of care and similar strategy is also proposed by the management of KFMMC hospital (Karout et al., 2013). The complexities in health care system can cultural competency have been studied by various researchers. One such analysis of research literature by Karout et al., (2013) revealed the experience of Saudi women admitted in private hospital of Saudi Arabia. Muslim cultural life, values and beliefs are different from other cultural groups and this creates a misfit in ethical codes of practice. Diversity in the clinical context leads to inconsistency in the expectation of care and delivery of care. There are certain Muslim practices such as concern for modesty, evil-eye and food taboos which non-Muslim nurses are not aware about and it is the responsibility of current health care system to provide in-service education to the staffs to enhance the quality of culturally competent care. Another example of cultural disparity is that breast cancer incidence is rising but the breast cancer screening rate is low in Arab women. This is because of Arab womens attitude and beliefs prevented them f rom adopting health preventive behavior. The interview with this group of patients revealed that fear or embarrassment was the reason why they did not go for mammogram. This problem can be addressed by culturally appropriate intervention and awareness program. Hospitals of Saudi Arabia like KFMMC need to pay more attention to the cultural competent skill of nurses and clinician to develop the understanding of Arab culture, beliefs and practices (Donnelly et al., 2013). The concept of an ideal culture can be understood by the quantitative phenomenological study which explored the perception of Saudi women in cultural diversity in heath care team. The biggest problem reported by the participants was related to linguistic diversity as the difference between English spoken nurse and Arabic speaking patients was leading to problem in communication. Second theme arising from the study was religious diversity issues where women were not comfortable in uncovering their body parts to non-Muslim service providers. Furthermore, there was also value and belief conflict as women participants were not satisfied with care as it overlooked their traditional values on health practices. Therefore, this experience suggest that health care workforce may struggle in providing culturally appropriate care to diverse population groups and this may affect the quality of care delivered. As lack of religious and cultural knowledge is a major barrier in efficient nursing care , it has become paramount for hospitals of Saudi Arabia to assess cultural competence of their workforce and training nurse to culturally competent health care practice. Nursing education programme will also have to strengthen their curricula by including cultural competency concept in quality care. Nurses and other staffs need to be conversant with Saudi Expression, terminology, belief and values to engage in appropriate care practices (Karout et al., 2013). Components of cultural competence assessment profile The cultural competence assessment profile is a set of analytic framework and indicators for examining cultural competence in health care service in hospitals. Use of such profile is effective in internal assessment of cultural competence at the hospital. It may involve quality review, performance monitoring and compliance with set cultural competence standards at the hospital. The major components of an assessment profile for the hospital include the following: Domain of cultural competence and focus areas- The main domain involved in cultural assessment includes organizational values, staff development, and governance, planning evaluation, hospitals infrastructure and interventions. Organizational values can be judged by the attitude and commitment towards culturally competent care and the main focus areas under this domain will be leadership role, data regarding cultural competence and level of flexibility in the organization. Governance domain can be assessed by looking at policies used at hospital to deliver culturally competent care. Planning process for cultural competence at the hospital can be judged by the presence of short-term and long-term policy and system to track level of cultural competence. Furthermore assessment of culturally competent oral and written communication will help to understand whether culturally appropriate communication process is present or not. Tracking training content and commitment is also an important d omain to evaluate if staffs have the skill to deliver culturally competent care service. Another important focus area is the process of care planning and treatment that is delivered in a culturally competent manner (Shen, 2015). Indicators of cultural competence- Indicators are any measureable characteristics that determine the level of cultural competence in a hospital. Structural indicators are related to factors used to assess organizations preparedness to cultural competence. Example of this indicator may include culturally appropriate setting, infrastructure, financial resource, governance and administrative system present at the hospital. Similarly process indicators give an idea about activities and procedures at the hospital that reflects culturally competent care. Output indicator is the positive or negative outcome of policies in a multi-cultural and multi-lingual work environment. Other indicators may include provisions of care and response to care in culturally competent manner (Linkins et al., 2017). Assessment of cultural competence initiative KFMMC is a recognized for the quality of care provided and it is under the government agency. Like KFMMC, there are other 15 military hospitals across the country and KFMMC provides primary and advanced health care in the city of Dhahran. The nursing workforce in this hospital are mainly expatriate coming from countries like U.K., Australia, Malaysia, Middle East countries, South Africa and North America. The entire nurse irrespective of their nationality need to get registered with Saudi Commission for Health Specialist to practice in the country and the registration is renewed every three years. The major problem seen in Military Hospitals in Saudi Arabia includes increased reliance on expat nurse, however not paying attention to psychosocial and communication competency to deal with Saudi patients. Due to this problem in health care system, the goal of KFMMC was to arrange for a cultural competence initiative at the hospital to enhance psychosocial and communication skill in their workforce (Aldossary, 2017). The main objective behind the KFMMCs cultural competent initiative was to analyze the experience of patient and nurse in psychosocial and communication performance, identify the barriers that affect their performance and then plan strategies to make them culturally competent (Aldossary, 2017). They considered initiating the cultural competence program from health care professionals due to the rise in cultural misunderstanding between patients and expatriate health care provider. This problem is most likely to lead to poor quality of care, increased patient satisfaction with care and rise in ethical dilemmas within the hospital. This will ultimately have an impact on the reputation of the hospital and to avoid this issue cultural competence assessment was necessary to evaluate current responsiveness to patients needs and preference and take relevant corrective action as far as possible (Almutairi, 2015). This initiative was started by identifying the factors that challenges nurses and clinicians in carrying out their responsibilities. This challenge was mainly related to communication problem such as language difference, cultural difference and low health literacy between patients and care providers. The health care workforce could have surpassed these challenges if they were given institutional support such as cultural competence training and seeking help from interpreters. However, the hospitals of Saudi Arabia have failed to provide support to staffs leading to experience of prejudices and ethnocentrism in practice (Inocian, Atallah, Moufleh, 2017). The positive aspect is that KFMMC recognized the importance of culturally appropriate care and they took the responsibility to arrange a culture competence assessment and training program at their institute. The culture of Saudi Arabia is a combination of Arabic and Islamic influence and peoples lifestyle highly revolves around the Islamic cultural values. They follow Islamic obligations as well as Arabian community traditions and customs. The problem for health care workforce is aggravated due to the rise in the number of expatriate health care professionals and little attention on expanding their knowledge about Saudi culture. The first priority of cultural assessment was to assess the language proficiency of nurses and other staffs. All were found toe proficient in English, but the patient were not proficient in English and they mostly used Arabic language. This linguistic difference might lead to health and safety issues in care. Furthermore cultural competence assessment also revealed work related violence in health care. The gap in cultural and language awareness among expatriate health professionals often put them in risk situation while giving instruction to patients or during ma nagement of patients with different ailments (Almutairi, 2015). Hence, KFMMC identified two major problem during cultural competence assessment at their institute and that was linguistic and communication barrier in practice. They realized the fact that if health care providers are given the necessary knowledge about cultural customs of Saudi Arabia, then it will empower their workforce to address misunderstanding among colleagues and patient and enhance the quality care. They are planning to address this problem faced by nurses by conducting extensive training to develop the linguistic and cultural competency skill of staffs according to the cultural values of Saudi Arabia. To initiate the cultural competence initiative at the hospital, special attention should be given to nursing problems and their complexities in the hospital. This is because Saudi Arabian citizens are highly influence by Islam culture and nursing workforce in Saudi Arabia is mostly foreign in origin. If nurse are aware of different dimensions of culture, it may help them in linking the culture with patients and avoiding any conflicts arising due to cultural misunderstanding. Hence, hospitals of Saudi Arabia should pay special attention to developing the skills of nurse in grasping the cultural attributes of patient. There is a need to enhance the knowledge related to cultural values of Saudi citizen to deliver respectful and holistic care. Cultural shock confronts nurses and staffs in Saudi Arabia in a significant way and this issue should be immediately addressed to prevent risk of errors. Lack of cultural sensitivity may have an influence on the care-giving process and so emphasizi ng on staff development in the area of cultural competence is an important responsibility for hospitals (Inocian, 2015). Main feature of cultural competence initiative Given is the list of steps followed to assess cultural competence of staffs at the hospital- Evaluation of cultural competency skill of staffs- An internal survey was done to assess the psychosocial and communication aspects of care at the hospital. The members involved in this initiative consulted the culturally and linguistically appropriate service (CLAS) guidelines to carry to access skills of staffs and it was measured by a Cultural Competency Assessment tool for Hospitals (CCATH). According to CLAS guideline, there areas that can be evaluated are culturally competent care, availability of language access service and organizational support for cultural competence. This assessment will be a roadmap to judge the health disparities present within the health care system and act accordingly (Weech-Maldonado et al., 2012). The main elements evaluated through this cultural competence initiative were as follows: Workforce diversity and level of training at the hospital- The first step for managers of KFMMC was to assess the workforce diversity at the hospital. There is shortage of health care workforce in Saudi Arabia, so international health professionals and nursing staffs are mainly recruited at hospitals of Saudi Arabia. They come from countries like U.K., U.S., Australia, Malaysia, Middle East countries and many others. This reflects that the multi-lingual and multi-cultural environment is present at the hospital. It can lead to a crisis situation unless and until properly planning is done to manage culturally diverse workforce and patients (Al Hosis, Plummer, O'Connor, 2012). The training domain for culturally diverse workforce was evaluated by the human resource practice at the hospital. Their recruitment and retention activities were judges to find how they put extra effort in pursuit of a culturally appropriate work culture. Ideal retention strategies might have included creating a supportive work environment for international workforce, maintaining the work-life balance and providing opportunities for flexibility in the job process. However, this aspect was missing and training needs for expatriate staffs was ignored. To override this issue, the plan was to provide in service training to all staffs and modify the staff training curriculum to develop the skills required for culturally competent clinical care. However, just conducting training programs may not serve the purpose unless and until the impact of training program is assessed by the effectiveness of staffs in meeting the cultural needs of patients in care. It might be possible that people fro m diverse cultural background may resist in accepting service or care protocols and they may be vulnerable to cross-cultural conflicts. Hence, experienced cultural competence training staff may help in resolving conflicts and handling grievances, legal and ethical issues in care (Weech-Maldonado, 2012). Assessment of cultural competence skill of staff- After making a profile of workforce diversity, individual profile was made in terms of age, nationality, length of service and educational qualification. This would help to measure skill and performance on different parameters. Secondly, the cultural competency was assessed by their ability and attempt to learn key word and colloquialisms of the Arabic language used by patients and by their manner of communication with patients and family members. They were also interviewed for the effect of their own cultural background and prejudices in their performance. If they had ever got an interpreter, it was judged whether they could utilize this opportunity effectively or not. If staffs are found to be highly competent in this area, their competency will be further developed by bringing adaptive changes in them to better serve the diverse cultural group of patients and family members. Another strategy was to assess cultural competence accord ing to age, gender, education, nationality and length of service to determine whether skills occurs due to individual weakness or due to lack of organization preparedness for culturally competent care (Inocian, Atallah, Moufleh, 2017). This assessment strategy would help to gain an understanding of the improvement needed to support expatriate staffs to recognize Saudi Culture and enhance cultural competence. The challenges and issues in care would help to design the health service at the hospital in accordance with the needs of patient and connect with patients in an appropriate manner (Koh, Gracia, Alvarez, 2014). Assessment of patient-provider communication at the hospital- Managing any type of illness in a multicultural environment is difficult due to the communication barrier seen between patients and health care professionals. Health care staff has the responsibility of conveying complex information to the patient as well as managing their emotions. However, different cultural beliefs, health-related values and customs affect how a patient perceive treatment and diagnosis process. Similarly, difference between health beliefs of clinicians and nurses from patients also has an impact on the delivery of care and health outcome. Cultural incompetency often contributes to disparities in health care. Hence, cultural competence is the strategy to eliminate disparities and improve the quality of care. Patient-provider communication is the most important factor in culturally competent care and communicating with awareness and knowledge about socio-cultural factors helps to efficiently manage care p rocess (Brown et al., 2016). To evaluate level of patient-provider communication at the hospital, the method and approach of communication between patient and health staffs was assessed. The assessment process identified gap in communication as most of the staffs were from other countries and there was no provision for training them in culturally appropriate care. Hence, improvement was needed in patient-staff communication at the military hospital (Aldossary, 2017).To address this gap in service, the corrective action that is proposed is to arrangement for interpreter service and translated materials to pass on to those patients and staff who have low proficiency in English. This interpreter service will come handy in improving provider and staff communication with patients. In that case, there will also be a need to evaluate the quality of interpreter service to see how interpreter are effective in reducing gap in patient-provider communication. Another effective corrective action proposed is to translate writ ten materials like treatment instruction, consent form and prescription into the common language of the population (Weech-Maldonado, 2012). Assessment of supporting mechanism for culturally competent care- Supporting mechanism for culturally competent care implies the physical environment of the hospital and its link with supportive service. It may also involve application of tools to promote culturally relevant information on health beliefs and practices. The hospital was lagging behind in this area. Taking cues from past action and research on organizational strategy to reduce health disparities might help in modifying the physical environment of the hospital. In this context, the research by Weech-Maldonado et al., (2012) gives guidance regarding the process to develop a culturally competent environment in hospital setting. Supporting mechanism for culturally competent care is present in those hospitals that are committed to a system approach of change. System level cultural competency is achieved when congruent behavior and cultural competence policy is present within health care system. Adopting a system approach helps in easy integration of cultural competence practices throughout the hospitals. The initial step to adopting the system approach is to assess whether hospital structure and process is appropriate to meet the relevant needs of diverse patient group. The Cultural Assessment Tool for Hospitals CCATH) is an example of tools for organizational assessment. The main aim of this tool is to evaluate six areas at the hospital and they are- Role and function of leaders at the hospital Level of culturally competent training for staffs Strategy for management system and operations Engagement of local community in service Approach to patient-provider communication Presence of supporting mechanism at the hospital Plan for achieving cultural competence To achieve the objective of holistic cultural competence assessment, the strategy of military hospital is to prepare a checklist of strength and weakness of nurse based on assessment of their cultural competency skill and then analyzing the baseline data of workers to plan improvement areas. This will lead to positive outcome in care process and eliminate culture shock and language barrier in care (Purnell, 2014). The cultural competence initiative might lead to many positive outcomes for KFMMC. After conducting complete cultural assessment of health care staffs, their plan for improving communication skill in nurse in daily care were as follows: Having set standard of culturally competent care- The standards for the hospital is that they want to ensure that their staff members deliver respectful and effective care to patients compatible with their cultural beliefs and language spoken. Another set standard for them will be to implement strategies to retain culturally diverse staff by providing them supportive mechanism to overcome challenges in care process. Another standard is to make sure that all staff receives adequate training in culturally and linguistically appropriate care (Ring, Nyquist, Mitchell, 2016). Enhancing culturally competent care- Taking cue from cultural competence initiative in other health care organization, KFMMC hospital need to ensure that nurses approach patient in efficacious and courteous manner. This is the first step to establishing a relation with patients and any wrong notion or attitude should not be passed on to the patients. Secondly, they need to be given training linguistic skills and for KFMMC, the immediate need for nurse will be to learn basic Arabic language. They can start with interpreters and then handle patients singlehandedly once they learn to easily converse in local language of the country. Furthermore, to promote culturally competent care, it will be necessary for health care staffs to respect cultural practices and issue of Saudi patients (Lord, 2015). Apart from this effort health care staffs to inculcate culturally competent care in practice, the human resource manager of the hospital will also play an influential role in recruiting, sustai ning and managing a diverse workforce. They will ensure that all staffs entering the hospital are given the necessary information to follow the work culture of the hospital and create a patient-friendly environment at the hospital (Albougami, 2015). Increasing the provision for language access service- The cultural assessment of nurses and other staffs at the hospital revealed linguistic difference as a major problem and the hospital plan to arrange for programs and service to address linguistic difficulty faced by employees working at the hospital. Phenomenological study examining the experience of nurse in care also revealed nurse faced many difficulties in communicating with Arabian patients due to language difference and this was the reason why patients were not satisfied with their service. The lack of clarity in communicating post-discharged information lead to dissatisfaction in many patients (Almutairi, 2015). Considering this difficulty in hospitals of Saudi Arabia, the plan was to introduce language aid service for health care staffs where they to easily comprehend information and patient queries. Interpreter and multilingual staffs may help staffs and patient who have low command over English or Arabic language (Albou gami, 2015). Promoting organizational support for building a culturally competent work environment at the hospital- To ensure that cultural competence skills and initiative is maintained and sustained in the hospital, a well-written plan will be executed that clearly mentions all the operational level demands and defines the responsibility to deliver culturally appropriate care. The assessment of activities in diverse group should be done regularly to monitor whether linguistic and cultural practices are incorporated by staffs in care or not. The internal audit will be beneficial in judging patient satisfaction level measured by staff and develop opportunities for performance enhancement of different clinical staffs at the hospital. While executing any new service at the hospital, the health care organization will review the local community profile such as cultural and demographic factors of the area. This will ensure that they are prepared to respond to the linguistics and culture of the hospita l. There is also plan for collaborative association with local communities to resolve conflicts and issues raised by the patient (Albougami, 2015). Eliminating the ethical barrier faced by nurses and clinicians at the hospital- There will be special focus on nurses responsibility in care as nurses spend the maximum amount of time with patients. This will be done after interacting with nurses regarding the external and internal barriers in care. External barriers may result due to communication difficulties occurring due to language difference and cultural difference between nurse and patient. Due to this barrier, newly placed international nurse in Saudi Arab hospital may find the job demanding and it may lead to stress and burnout. As this barrier has a negative impact both on nurses as well as patient, the plan is to make nurses aware of culturally competent policies and make them learn basic colloquial terms and Arabic language to converse with patients. They will also be provided support with interpreter service in the beginning. The advantage of removing external barrier is that it will help to remove internal barriers for nurse which results due to experience of cultural shock. Hence, support given to nurse with additional tools help to overcome instability in the job. Developing flexible attitude will help them to implement interventions according to cultural preference of patients and family members (Murcia Lopez, 2016). Creating opportunities for better understanding of patients- This can be achieved by improving existing system of staff-patient interaction at the hospital. Skill in interacting with patients will help in explaining serious disease and rationale for any treatment process to patients. There is rise in problem of staff-patient interaction in Saudi Arabia due to large number of foreign staffs in health service, little orientation on local traditions and health related beliefs of Saudi people. Problem also arises due to rise in number of expatriate consumer in health care of Saudi Arabia. Hence, the need to train and orientate health care staffs is significant for KFMMC. To make nurses aware of the importance of staff-patient interaction, it is necessary to include in their curriculum or training program the detail on orientation on medical humanities to broaden understanding of social traditions of patients. Regular training program will be arranged for staffs to make them aware of Arab ian colloquial language, health traditions and belief of Saudi citizens. It will help to correct and modify any misconception regarding patients (Ahmad et al., 2016). Conclusion The report presents the importance of culturally competent health care environment to provide holistic care to patients and highlights the cultural competence initiative at KFMMC in Saudi Arabia. The analysis of the challenges faced by nurses and clinicians practicing in health care setting showed that there is great disparity in health service due to rise in number of expatriate health care professionals and wide cultural difference between patient and care provider. KFMMC realized that cultural incompetency is leading to high level of patients dissatisfaction with service and it is hampering therapeutic interaction with patients. The presence of linguistically diverse workforce was also a reason for conflict and error in service. The rationale for the cultural competence initiative at the hospital is also understood from recent research based evidence investigating the barrier in health care service of Saudi Arabia. There are example of Saudi women perspective of breast cancer scre ening, their perception of incompatibility with service and other issues which reflects immediate action to enhance physical environment of hospital and develop cultural competence skill among staffs (Ahmad et al., 2016). With this rationale, KFMMC utilized a cultural assessment profile and framework to assess the health care practice, skill and procedure at the hospital. The cultural assessment profile of the hospital consisted of cultural competence domain of organizational values, policies, governance, hospital infrastructure, system support, tools, training and staffs skills and the main focus area of each domain was assessed. Furthermore, the hospital also included structural, process and output indicator to analyze the performance of hospital in delivering culturally appropriate care. The main objective behind the cultural competence initiative was to measure psychosocial and communication performance at the hospital and the program was initiated by collecting data on diverse workforce and nature of work at the hospital. Key problems and complexities arising at the hospital during health care delivery were monitored and systematic process of cultural assessment was followed. Many improvement areas in care process was identified such as lack of cultural orientation in staff, no arrangement for training regarding cultural competency and linguistic awareness in staffs and lack of tools or support system to help overcome challenges in care process. Based on this assessment, several strategic plans were proposed to maintain the quality of care and provide patient-centered care in a multi-cultural environment. References Ahmad, A. M. K., Alghamdi, M. A. S., Alghamdi, S. A. S., Alsharqi, O. Z., Al-Borie, H. M. (2016). Factors Influencing Patient Satisfaction with Pharmacy Services: An Empirical Investigation at King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital, Saudi Arabia.International Journal of Business and Management,11(9), 272. Al Hosis, K., Plummer, V., O'Connor, M. (2012). Nursing management in Saudi Arabia: Evaluating strategies for succession planning.Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management,7(1), 19. Albougami, A. (2015). Role of language and communication in providing quality healthcare by expatriate nurses in Saudi Arabia.Journal of Health Specialties,3(3), 166. Aldossary, D. (2017).Patient-Nurse Psychosocial and Communication Skills in Military Hospitals in Saudi Arabia. King Fahad Specialist Hospital Saudi Arabia. Retrieved from https://nursing.conferenceseries.com/speaker-pdfs/2015/ameera-aldossary-king-fahad-specialist-hsopital-dammam-saudi-arabia-r-n-r-n.pdf Almutairi, K. M. (2015). Culture and language differences as a barrier to provision of quality care by the health workforce in Saudi Arabia.Saudi Medical Journal,36(4), 425-431. Brown, O., ten Ham-Baloyi, W., van Rooyen, D. R., Aldous, C., Marais, L. C. (2016). Culturally competent patientprovider communication in the management of cancer: An integrative literature review.Global Health Action,9. Donnelly, T. T., Al Khater, A. H., Al-Bader, S. B., Al Kuwari, M. G., Al-Meer, N., Malik, M., ... Fung, T. (2013). Beliefs and attitudes about breast cancer and screening practices among Arab women living in Qatar: a cross-sectional study.BMC women's health,13(1), 49. Huey Jr, S. J., Tilley, J. L., Jones, E. O., Smith, C. A. (2014). The contribution of cultural competence to evidence-based care for ethnically diverse populations.Annual Review of Clinical Psychology,10, 305-338. Inocian, E. P. (2015). A Baseline Assessment Survey on Cultural Competency among Expatriate Nurses in Saudi Arabia.International Journal of Nursing,4(1). Inocian, E., Atallah, M., Moufleh, M. (2017). Cultural Competency among Expatriate Nurses in Saudi Arabia.International Journal Of Nursing. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304249314 Karout, N., Abdelaziz, S. H., Goda, M., AlTuwaijri, S., Almostafa, N., Ashour, R., Alradi, H. (2013). Cultural diversity: A qualitative study on Saudi Arabian women's experience and perception of maternal health services.Journal of Nursing Education and Practice,3(11), p172. Koh, H. K., Gracia, J. N., Alvarez, M. E. (2014). Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services--advancing health with CLAS.The New England journal of medicine,371(3), 198. Lord, D. (2015). Person-centred care and naturopathy: patient beliefs and values.Australian Journal of Herbal Medicine,27(4), 132. Murcia, S. E. A., Lopez, L. (2016). The experience of nurses in care for culturally diverse families: A qualitative meta-synthesis.Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem,24. Purnell, L. D. (2014).Guide to culturally competent health care. FA Davis. Ring, J., Nyquist, J., Mitchell, S. (2016).Curriculum for culturally responsive health care: The step-by-step guide for cultural competence training. CRC Press. Ring, J., Nyquist, J., Mitchell, S. (2016).Curriculum for culturally responsive health care: The step-by-step guide for cultural competence training. CRC Press. Shen, Z. (2015). Cultural competence models and cultural competence assessment instruments in nursing: a literature review.Journal of Transcultural Nursing,26(3), 308-321.Linkins, K., McIntosh, S., Bell, J., Chong, U. (2017).Indicators of Cultural Competence in Health Care Delivery Organizations: An Organizational Cultural Competence Assessment Profile. The Lewin Group, Inc. Retrieved from https://www.hrsa.gov/CulturalCompetence/healthdlvr.pdf Weech-Maldonado, R., Dreachslin, J. L., Brown, J., Pradhan, R., Rubin, K. L., Schiller, C., Hays, R. D. (2012). Cultural competency assessment tool for hospitals: Evaluating hospitals adherence to the culturally and linguistically appropriate services standards.Health care management review,37(1), 54. Weech-Maldonado, R., Elliott, M. N., Pradhan, R., Schiller, C., Hall, A., Hays, R. D. (2012). Can hospital cultural competency reduce disparities in patient experiences with care?.Medical care,50, S48.